§ 10A-1-4-306. Appointment of counsel - Guardians ad litem - Court-appointed special advocates.

A. 1. a.If a parent or legal guardian of the child requests an attorney and is found to be indigent, counsel may be appointed by the court at the emergency custody hearing and shall be appointed if a petition has been filed alleging that the child is a deprived child; provided, that the court may appoint counsel without such request, if it deems representation by counsel necessary to protect the interest of the parent, legal guardian, or custodian.

b.The court shall not be required to appoint an attorney for any person other than a parent, or legal guardian of the child pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph.

2.a.The court may appoint an attorney or a guardian ad litem for the child when an emergency custody hearing is held; provided, that when a petition is filed alleging the child to be deprived, the court shall appoint a separate attorney for the child, who shall not be a district attorney, regardless of any attempted waiver by the parent, legal guardian or custodian of the child of the right of the child to be represented by counsel.  The child’s attorney shall be independent of and not selected by the district attorney, the child’s parent, legal guardian, or custodian.  If financially capable, the parent, legal guardian or custodian shall reimburse the Court Fund for the services of a court-appointed attorney for the child.

b.The attorney appointed for the child shall make arrangements to meet with the child as soon as possible after receiving notification of the appointment.  Except for good cause shown, the attorney shall meet with the child prior to any hearing in such proceeding.  The attorney may speak with the child over the telephone if a personal visit is not possible due to exigent circumstances.  If a meaningful attorney-client relationship between the child and the attorney is prohibited due to age or disability of the child, the attorney shall contact the custodian or caretaker of the child prior to the hearing.

c.The attorney shall represent the child and any expressed interests of the child.  To the extent that a child is unable to express an interest, either because the child is preverbal, very young or for any reason is incapable of judgment and meaningful communication, the attorney shall substitute his or her judgment for that of the child and formulate and present a position which serves the best interests of the child.  Such formulation must be accomplished through the use of objective criteria rather than solely the life experience or instinct of the attorney.  The objective criteria shall include, but not be limited to:

(1)              a determination of the circumstances of the child through a full and efficient investigation,

(2)              assessment of the child at the moment of the determination,

(3)              examination of all options in light of the permanency plans available to the child,  and

(4)              utilization of medical, mental health and educational professionals, social workers and other related experts.

The attorney shall make such further inquiry as the attorney deems necessary to ascertain the facts, to interview witnesses, examine and cross-examine witnesses, make recommendations to the court and participate further in the proceedings to the degree appropriate for adequately representing the interests of the child.  A child is a party to all deprived proceedings and is therefore able to participate as fully as the parents and the district attorney in all aspects of the proceedings including, but not limited to, voir dire, cross examination, the subpoena of witnesses, and opening and closing statements.

3.  The attorney shall be allowed a reasonable fee for such services as determined by the court.

4.  When an attorney is required to travel to more than one district court location in order to represent a child or children whom the attorney has been court-appointed to represent, the court may in its discretion allow the attorney a reasonable reimbursement for mileage.

5.  The court shall ensure that the child is represented by independent counsel throughout the pendency of the deprived action.

B.  1.  After a petition is filed, the court shall appoint a guardian ad litem upon the request of the child or the attorney of the child, and may appoint a guardian ad litem sua sponte or upon the request of the Department of Human Services, a licensed child-placing agency, or another party to the action.

2.  A guardian ad litem shall not be a district attorney, an employee of the office of the district attorney, the child's attorney, an employee of the court, an employee of a juvenile bureau, or an employee of any public agency having duties or responsibilities towards the child.

3.  The guardian ad litem shall be appointed to objectively advocate on behalf of the child and act as an officer of the court to investigate all matters concerning the best interests of the child.  In addition to other duties required by the court and as specified by the court, a guardian ad litem shall have the following responsibilities:

a.review documents, reports, records and other information relevant to the case, meet with and observe the child in appropriate settings, and interview parents, foster parents, health care providers, child protective services workers and any other person with knowledge relevant to the case,

b.advocate for the best interests of the child by participating in the case, attending any hearings in the matter and advocating for appropriate services for the child when necessary,

c.monitor the best interests of the child throughout any judicial proceeding, and

d.present written reports on the best interests of the child that include conclusions and recommendations and the facts upon which they are based.

4.  The guardian ad litem shall be given access to the court files and agency files and access to all documents, reports, records and other information relevant to the case and to any records and reports of examination of the child's parent or other custodian, made pursuant to the laws relating to child abuse and neglect including reports generated by service providers.

5.  On or before December 31, 2009, the Administrative Director of the Courts shall develop a standard operating manual for guardians ad litem which shall include, but not be limited to, legal obligations and responsibilities, information concerning child abuse, child development, domestic abuse, sexual abuse, and parent and child behavioral health and management including best practices.  After publication of the manual, all guardians ad litem shall certify to the court in which he or she is appointed as a guardian ad litem that the manual has been read and all provisions contained therein are understood.  The guardian ad litem shall also certify that he or she agrees to follow the best practices described within the standard operating manual.  The Administrative Director of the Courts shall provide public access to the standard operating manual and shall periodically review and revise the manual as deemed necessary.

C.  1.  Whenever a court-appointed special advocate program is available to the court to serve as a guardian ad litem, priority may be given to appointment of the court-appointed special advocate to serve as guardian ad litem for the child regardless of whether a guardian ad litem has been requested pursuant to the provisions of this subsection.

2.  For purposes of the Oklahoma Children's Code, a "court-appointed special advocate" and a “guardian ad litem” shall have the same function except as otherwise provided by law.  In like manner, a court-appointed special advocate, except as specifically otherwise provided by law or by the court, shall have the same power, duties, and responsibilities as assigned to a guardian ad litem by law and shall have such other qualifications, duties, and responsibilities as may be prescribed by rule by the Supreme Court.

3.  A court-appointed special advocate shall serve without compensation.

Added by Laws 1968, c. 282, § 109, eff. Jan. 13, 1969.  Amended by Laws 1970, c. 226, § 1; Laws 1971, c. 66, § 2, eff. Oct. 1, 1971; Laws 1977, c. 259, § 10, eff. Oct. 1, 1977; Laws 1979, c. 257, § 3, eff. Oct. 1, 1979; Laws 1982, c. 312, § 20, operative Oct. 1, 1982; Laws 1985, c. 313, § 1, eff. Nov. 1, 1985; Laws 1986, c. 263, § 4, operative July 1, 1986; Laws 1989, c. 363, § 6, eff. Nov. 1, 1989; Laws 1991, c. 296, § 24, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Laws 1992, c. 298, § 22, eff. July 1, 1993; Laws 1994, c. 290, § 37, eff. July 1, 1994; Laws 1995, c. 352, § 21, eff. July 1, 1995.  Renumbered from § 1109 of Title 10 by Laws 1995, c. 352, § 199, eff. July 1, 1995.  Amended by Laws 1996, c. 200, § 6, eff. Nov. 1, 1996; Laws 1997, c. 386, § 4, emerg. eff. June 10, 1997; Laws 1998, c. 5, § 3, emerg. eff. March 4, 1998; Laws 1998, c. 421, § 12, emerg. eff. June 11, 1998; Laws 2000, c. 374, § 13, eff. July 1, 2000; Laws 2006, c. 205, § 3, eff. Nov. 1, 2006; Laws 2007, c. 1, § 3, emerg. eff. Feb. 22, 2007; Laws 2007, c. 268, § 1, eff. Nov. 1, 2007; Laws 2009, c. 233, § 26, emerg. eff. May 21, 2009.  Renumbered from § 7003-3.7 of Title 10 by Laws 2009, c. 233, § 234, emerg. eff. May 21, 2009.  Amended by Laws 2011, c. 129, § 1, eff. Nov. 1, 2011.

Note

NOTE:  Laws 1997, c. 366, § 55 repealed by Laws 1998, c. 5, § 29, emerg. eff. March 4, 1998.  Laws 2006, c. 136, § 1 repealed by Laws 2007, c. 1, § 4, emerg. eff. Feb. 22, 2007.